Programming Language Designers: John Backus (Fortran), Ole-Johan Dahl, Edsger W. Dijkstra, Brendan Eich (JavaScript), James Gosling (Java), Robert Griesemer (Golang), Ralph Griswold (SNOBOL), Anders Hejlsberg ( C#, Delphi, and Turbo Pascal), Rich Hickey (Clojure), Grace Hopper (COBOL), Alan Kay (Object-Oriented Programming, GUI), Brian Kernighan (Unix and C), Donald Knuth (“Premature optimization is the root of all evil” The Art of Computer Programming), Barbara Liskov (Liskov Substitution Principle), Yukihiro Matsumoto (Ruby), Kristen Nygaard, Martin Odersky (Scala), Rob Pike (Golang, Unix), Dennis Ritchie (Unix), Guido van Rossum (Python) Richard Stallman (GNU Project, Free Software Foundation, GNU Compiler Collection, GNU Emacs, GNU General Public License), Bjarne Stroustrup ( C++), Gerald Jay Sussman (AI Research), Ken Thompson (Golang, Unix), Niklaus Wirth (Pascal), Konrad Zuse (Inventor of the Computer: Z3). (navbar_language_designers)