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See Sharding

Snippet from Wikipedia: Shard (database architecture)

A database shard, or simply a shard, is a horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine. Each shard may be held on a separate database server instance, to spread load.

Some data in a database remains present in all shards, but some appears only in a single shard. Each shard acts as the single source for this subset of data.

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